入门

Start the mongo Shell¶

To start the mongo shell and connect to your MongoDB instance running on localhost with default port:

1. Go to your <mongodb installation dir>:

   cd <mongodb installation dir>
   

2. Type ./bin/mongo to start mongo:

   ./bin/mongo
   

   If you have added the <mongodb installation dir>/bin to the PATH environment variable, you can just type mongo instead of ./bin/mongo.

3. To display the database you are using, type db:

   db
   

   The command should return test, which is the default database. To switch databases, issue the use <db> command, as in the following example:

   use <database>
   

   To list the available databases, use the command show dbs. See also How can I access to different databases temporarily? to access a different database from the current database without switching your current database context (i.e. db..)

To start the mongo shell with other options, see examples of starting up mongo and mongo reference which provides details on the available options.

Executing Queries¶

From the mongo shell, you can use the shell methods to run queries, as in the following example:

db.<collection>.find()

• The db refers to the current database.

• The <collection> is the name of the collection to query. See Collection Help to list the available collections.

  If the mongo shell does not accept the name of the collection, for instance if the name contains a space or starts with a number, you can use an alternate syntax to refer to the collection, as in the following:

  db["3test"].find()
  
  db.getCollection("3test").find()
  

• The find() method is the JavaScript method to retrieve documents from <collection>. The find() method returns a cursor to the results; however, in the mongo shell, if the returned cursor is not assigned to a variable, then the cursor is automatically iterated up to 20 times to print up to the first 20 documents that match the query. The mongo shell will prompt Type it to iterate another 20 times.

  You can set the DBQuery.shellBatchSize attribute to change the number of iteration from the default value 20, as in the following example which sets it to 10:

  DBQuery.shellBatchSize = 10;
  

  For more information and examples on cursor handling in the mongo shell, see Cursors.

  See also Cursor Help for list of cursor help in the mongo shell.

For more documentation of basic MongoDB operations in the mongo shell, see:

• MongoDB开发入门
• 壳快参
• 创建
• 读
• 更新
• 删除
• 索引操作
• 读
• 写

Print¶

The mongo shell automatically prints the results of the find() method if the returned cursor is not assigned to a variable. To format the result, you can add the .pretty() to the operation, as in the following:

db.<collection>.find().pretty()

In addition, you can use the following explicit print methods in the mongo shell:

• print() to print without formatting
• print(tojson(<obj>)) to print with JSON formatting and equivalent to printjson()
• printjson() to print with JSON formatting and equivalent to print(tojson(<obj>))

Use a Custom Prompt¶

You may modify the content of the prompt by creating the variable prompt in the shell. The prompt variable can hold strings as well as any arbitrary JavaScript. If prompt holds a function that returns a string, mongo can display dynamic information in each prompt. Consider the following examples:

cmdCount = 1;
prompt = function() {
             return (cmdCount++) + "> ";
         }

1> db.collection.find()
2> show collections
3>

host = db.serverStatus().host;

prompt = function() {
             return db+"@"+host+"$ ";
         }

<database>@<hostname>$ use records
switched to db records
records@<hostname>$

prompt = function() {
             return "Uptime:"+db.serverStatus().uptime+" Documents:"+db.stats().objects+" > ";
         }

Uptime:5897 Documents:6 > db.people.save({name : "James"});
Uptime:5948 Documents:7 >

Use an External Editor in the mongo Shell¶

2.2 新版功能.

In the mongo shell you can use the edit operation to edit a function or variable in an external editor. The edit operation uses the value of your environments EDITOR variable.

At your system prompt you can define the EDITOR variable and start mongo with the following two operations:

export EDITOR=vim
mongo

Then, consider the following example shell session:

MongoDB shell version: 2.2.0
> function f() {}
> edit f
> f
function f() {
    print("this really works");
}
> f()
this really works
> o = {}
{ }
> edit o
> o
{ "soDoes" : "this" }
>

Exit the Shell¶

To exit the shell, type quit() or use the <Ctrl-c> shortcut.