发布于 2015-12-22 09:58:40 | 3848 次阅读 | 评论: 0 | 来源: PHPERZ
安装好 OpenCV 之后，首先尝试加载一张最简单的图片并显示出来，代码示例：
第一种方式使用cv2.cv的LoadImage、ShowImage和SaveImage函数
import cv2.cv as cv
# 读图片
image=cv.LoadImage('img/image.png', cv.CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR)#Load the image
#Or just: image=cv.LoadImage('img/image.png')
cv.NamedWindow('a_window', cv.CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE) #Facultative
cv.ShowImage('a_window', image) #Show the image
# 写图片
cv.SaveImage("thumb.png", thumb)
cv.WaitKey(0) #Wait for user input and quit
也可以直接使用cv2的imread、imwrite和imshow函数
import numpy as np
import cv2
img = cv2.imread('messi5.jpg',0)
cv2.imshow('image',img)
k = cv2.waitKey(0)
if k == 27: # wait for ESC key to exit
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
elif k == ord('s'): # wait for 's' key to save and exit
cv2.imwrite('messigray.png',img)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
imread函数还可以定义加载的mode，默认是以RGB模式处理图片：
import cv2
grayImage = cv2.imread('MyPic.png', cv2.CV_LOAD_IMAGE_GRAYSCALE)
# 可选参数CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR (BGR), CV_LOAD_IMAGE_GRAYSCALE (grayscale), CV_LOAD_IMAGE_UNCHANGED(neither)
cv2.imwrite('MyPicGray.png', grayImage)
import cv2
img = cv2.imread('img/image.png')
print img.shape
# (640, 640, 3)
print img.size
# 1228800
print img.dtype
# uint8
# 在debug的时候，dtype很重要
在处理图片的时候，我们经常会需要把一些信息直接以文字的形式输出在图片上，下面的代码将实现这个效果：
import cv2.cv as cv
image=cv.LoadImage('img/lena.jpg', cv.CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR) #Load the image
font = cv.InitFont(cv.CV_FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 1, 1, 0, 3, 8) #Creates a font
y = image.height / 2 # y position of the text
x = image.width / 4 # x position of the text
cv.PutText(image,"Hello World !", (x,y),font, cv.RGB(255, 255, 255)) #Draw the text
cv.ShowImage('Hello World', image) #Show the image
cv.WaitKey(0)
cv2:
cv2.putText(frame, 'Hello World', (300,100), 0, 0.5, (0,0,255),2)
下面的例子将实现缩放图片并保存，这个在使用 OpenCV 做图像处理的时候都是很常用的操作：
import cv2.cv as cv
im = cv.LoadImage("img/alkaline.jpg") #get the image
thumb = cv.CreateImage((im.width / 2, im.height / 2), 8, 3) #Create an image that is twice smaller than the original
cv.Resize(im, thumb) #resize the original image into thumb
#cv.PyrDown(im, thumb)
cv.SaveImage("thumb.png", thumb) # save the thumb image
cv2:
import cv2
import numpy as np
img = cv2.imread('messi5.jpg')
res = cv2.resize(img,None,fx=2, fy=2, interpolation = cv2.INTER_CUBIC)
#OR
height, width = img.shape[:2]
res = cv2.resize(img,(2*width, 2*height), interpolation = cv2.INTER_CUBIC)
import cv2
import numpy as np
img = cv2.imread('messi5.jpg',0)
rows,cols = img.shape
M = np.float32([[1,0,100],[0,1,50]])
dst = cv2.warpAffine(img,M,(cols,rows))
cv2.imshow('img',dst)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
img = cv2.imread('messi5.jpg',0)
rows,cols = img.shape
M = cv2.getRotationMatrix2D((cols/2,rows/2),90,1)
dst = cv2.warpAffine(img,M,(cols,rows))
import cv2
import numpy as np
img = cv2.imread('mao.jpg')
rows,cols,ch = img.shape
pts1 = np.float32([[50,50],[200,50],[50,200]])
pts2 = np.float32([[10,100],[200,50],[100,250]])
M = cv2.getAffineTransform(pts1,pts2)
dst = cv2.warpAffine(img,M,(cols,rows))
cv2.imshow('image',dst)
cv2.waitKey(0)
实际使用过程中，我们经常也需要对一些图片的颜色空间做一些改变之类的：
c2.cv:
import cv2.cv as cv
im=cv.LoadImage('img/fruits.jpg',cv.CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR)
res = cv.CreateImage(cv.GetSize(im), cv.CV_8UC2, 3) #cv.CV_32F, cv.IPL_DEPTH_16S, ...
cv.Convert(im, res)
cv.ShowImage("Converted",res)
res2 = cv.CreateImage(cv.GetSize(im), cv.CV_8UC2, 3)
cv.CvtColor(im, res2, cv.CV_RGB2BGR) # HLS, HSV, YCrCb, ....
cv.ShowImage("CvtColor", res2)
cv.WaitKey(0)
cv.Convert()：将图片从一个颜色空间转到另一个颜色空间
cv.CvtColor(src, dst, code)：
cv2:
cv2.cvtColor(input_image, flag)函数实现图片颜色空间的转换，flag 参数决定变换类型。如 BGR->Gray flag 就可以设置为 cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY 。
一个简单的例子，下面的代码实现识别摄像视频中蓝色的部分：
import cv2
import numpy as np
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
while(1):
# 读取视频的每一帧
_, frame = cap.read()
# 将图片从 BGR 空间转换到 HSV 空间
hsv = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
# 定义在HSV空间中蓝色的范围
lower_blue = np.array([110,50,50])
upper_blue = np.array([130,255,255])
# 根据以上定义的蓝色的阈值得到蓝色的部分
mask = cv2.inRange(hsv, lower_blue, upper_blue)
res = cv2.bitwise_and(frame,frame, mask= mask)
cv2.imshow('frame',frame)
cv2.imshow('mask',mask)
cv2.imshow('res',res)
k = cv2.waitKey(5) & 0xFF
if k == 27:
break
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
以上的代码给出了视频中获取兴趣对象的基本思想。
对于一张图片的 R、G、B 通道，我们可以很方便的使用 OpenCV 获取并分离或者合并：
(这是将图像灰度化处理的一种方式)
cv2.cv
import cv2.cv as cv
orig = cv.LoadImage('img/fruits.jpg')
b = cv.CreateImage(cv.GetSize(orig), orig.depth, 1)
g = cv.CloneImage(b)
r = cv.CloneImage(b)
cv.Split(orig, b, g, r, None)
merged = cv.CreateImage(cv.GetSize(orig), 8, 3)
cv.Merge(g, b, r, None, merged)
cv.ShowImage("Image", orig)
cv.ShowImage("Blue", b)
cv.ShowImage("Green", g)
cv.ShowImage("Red", r)
cv.ShowImage("Merged", merged)
cv.WaitKey(0)
cv2
import cv2
img = cv2.imread('img/image.png')
b,g,r = cv2.split(img)
img = cv2.merge((b,g,r))
cv2.copyMakeBorder函数
import cv2
import numpy as np
BLUE = [255,0,0]
img1 = cv2.imread('opencv_logo.png')
replicate = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img1,10,10,10,10,cv2.BORDER_REPLICATE)
reflect = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img1,10,10,10,10,cv2.BORDER_REFLECT)
reflect101 = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img1,10,10,10,10,cv2.BORDER_REFLECT_101)
wrap = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img1,10,10,10,10,cv2.BORDER_WRAP)
constant= cv2.copyMakeBorder(img1,10,10,10,10,cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT,value=BLUE)